Our studies provide the first structural explanation for the glucocorticoid activation of AR(ccr), which is important for the development of new therapeutic treatments for androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Additionally, GAK enhanced the AR transcriptional response even at low concentrations of androgens, which is relevant to AR activity in androgen-independent prostate cancer.
To determine whether PPARγ ligands are equally effective at inhibiting AR activity in androgen-independent prostate cancer, we examined the effect of the PPARγ ligands ciglitazone and rosiglitazone on C4-2 cells, an androgen- independent derivative of the LNCaP cell line.
Androgenic up-regulation of AR cDNA expression may be due to distinct signaling mechanisms that influence androgen action in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.
The AR coactivator Tip60, which is up-regulated by androgen ablation, is recruited to the promoter of the prostate-specific antigen gene in the absence of androgen in androgen-independent prostate cancer sublines.
Targeting the AR for down-regulation would be a useful strategy for treating prostate cancer, especially hormone-refractory or androgen-independent prostate cancer.
In this study, we examined LEF1 expression in androgen-independent cancer as well as its regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression, prostate cancer growth, and invasion in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.
Androgen receptor-dependent PSA expression in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells does not involve androgen receptor occupancy of the PSA locus.
The onset of the androgen-independent prostate cancer is often associated with up-regulation of the androgen receptor that can cause antagonists to exhibit agonistic activity, which could lead to the failure of androgen ablation therapy.
Overexpression of the androgen receptor (AR) occurs in androgen-independent prostate cancer and has been proposed as another mechanism promoting the development of androgen independence.
Physalins A and B inhibit androgen-independent prostate cancer cell growth through activation of cell apoptosis and downregulation of androgen receptor expression.
IL-4 serum levels were demonstrated to be increased in honnone-refractory PCa and IL-4 was shown to enhance PSA reporter gene activity by the activation of AR NTD in human LNCaP cells.
Recently, tyrosine kinase Ack1 has been shown to regulate AR activity by phosphorylating it at tyrosine 267 and this event was shown to be critical for AIPC growth.
Androgen receptor down regulation by small interference RNA induces cell growth inhibition in androgen sensitive as well as in androgen independent prostate cancer cells.
Effect of histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors on the expression of the androgen receptor gene in androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines.
These data indicate that bombesin can synergize with low (castrate) levels of DHT to induce AR-mediated transcription and suggest that neuropeptides promote AR-mediated signaling in androgen-independent prostate cancer.